OLD
EGYPTIAN NAMES 1
A review derived from the following:
Nyland, Edo. 2001. Linguistic Archaeology: An Introduction. Trafford Publ., Victoria, B.C., Canada.
ISBN 1-55212-668-4. 541 p.
----Please CLICK on desired underlined categories [to search for Subject Matter, depress
Ctrl/F ]:
EGYPTIAN DYNASTIES
An ancient language form that
originated in the North African area of our most ancient civilizations has
been studied by Nyland (2001). He found that
many words used to describe names of places and things in the area of Egypt
seem to be closely related to the ancient language, which is being called Saharan, but more appropriately might be Igbo West
African, which predated it. It appears that the Basque
Language is a close relative of the Saharan. Following is a discussion of this
relationship:
Amun
amu - un.
amultsu - unibertsalki
affectionate - universally
"Universally affectionate".
This has to be a Goddess.
Aten
ate - en.
aterpe - ene
refuge - my
"My refuge".
Ra. There are at least four possible
origins for Ra. #1 is progably right.
aRa meaning pure
(aratz)
eRa meaning devotion (eraspen)
irRa meaning radiating (irradiatu)
oRa meaning for ever (orain)
Re also has a few possible derivations,
the most likely being:
arRe meaning Redeemer (arrerosle)
FOUR CHILDREN OF THE
SUN GOD
Geb, (the Earth, a male principle)
.ge - eb.
age - ebo
agerian - eboluziozko
evidently - evolving
"Evidently evolving".
Shu, (the Air).
.xu, uxu (yodel cry of happiness)
Tefnut, (the Water)
.te - ef. - .nu - ut.
ete - ebo - onu - uto
etengabeki - eboluzionatu - onuts - utopia
constantly - to evolve - perfect - utopia
"Constantly evolving perfect
utopia".
Nut (the Heaven, the Stars and the Ether; a
female principle)
.nu - ut.
onu - uto
onuts - utopia
perfect - utopia
"Perfect utopia".
GEB AND NUT’S FOUR CHILDREN
Osiris, (personification
of all that is good)
osi
- iri - is.
osintsu - irrikitasun - izate
very deep - desire - life
"Very deep desire for life".
Isis, (the Goddess, introduced immortality
of the soul and individual salvation)
.si - is.
izi - izi
izigarri - izigarrikeria
terrible - atrocity
"Terrible atrocity".
Seth, (introduces evil)
.se - et. - .h.
ase - eta - aha
asegaitz - -eta - ahalmen
craving - abundance - power
"He craves an abundance of power".
Nephthys, (introduces evil
with Seth).
.ne - eb. - .t. - .hi - is.
ene - ebe - eto - ohi - izu
enetan - eberu - etorri - ohinazestatu -
izugarriki
every time - Hebrews - to come - to suffer -
horribly
"Every time the Hebrews came we suffered
horribly."
Horus, (son of Isis and
Osiris)
.ho - oru - us
eho - oru - usa
ehortzi - orube - usa
to bury - site/place - dove/holy man
"He buried the holy man in this
place".
Abydos, burial place of the
head of Osiris.
abi - ido - os.
abia - idolo - oso
nest/home - idol - simple
"Simple home for the idol".
MAGICAL NAMES
It was
surprising to learn that to decode many of these very old names was
straightforward, although time-consuming. The names were all agglutinated
according to the VCV formula, but the words of the spoken language were not
formulaically constructed. To agglutinate these
names, the Egyptian priests used only those words of the Neolithic Saharan language, which started with vowel-consonant-vowel (VCV). The
ancient Saharan Language may have been the language in popular use
during the first two dynasties and after that was probably maintained as a liturgical
or secret language. It still is spoken in close to its original condition as
Basque in Europe. Aulestia's Basque Dictionary (University of Nevada Press) was used
for both decoding and translating. In the name-assembly process the priests
stuck religiously to the VCV vowel-interlocking formula. In general, every
consonant represents one word.
The same
formulaic name-encoding system was used in unaltered form throughout Egyptian
history. Names such as Rosetta,
Pharaoh, Nile and Egypt may be relatively recent name creations, but they still yield
their hidden meanings in the same manner the very earliest Pharaohs' names.
It appears that all personal names have two meanings, the publicly known one
and the secret one, which meanings may not be the same or even closely so.
The VCV system is designed to decode the secret meaning of the name, which
may or may not have been divulged to the bearer.
Rosetta
.ro - ose - et. - .ta
ero - ose - ete - eta
erotegi - ozen - etengabeko - -eta
insane asylum - penetrating (voice/cry) -
incessant - overpowering
"The incessant penetrating (screams) from
the insane asylum are overpowering."
The scribes creating the
inscriptions gave themselves appropriate names such as:
Nesmeterakhem, son of
Nesmeterpanakhet at the time of Hadrian, AD 117-38 (Parkinson p.178)
.ne - es. - .me - ete - era - ak. - .he - em.
ene - esa - ame - ete - era - ako - ohe - ema
ene - ezangarri - ameskile - etengabeko -
erran - akordiozko - ohetoki - emai
symbols - fanciful - continuous - saying/epigram - traditional -
burial chambre - gift
"fanciful symbols (form) a continuous epigram,
a gift for the traditional burial chambre."
His father, Nesmeterpanakhet, used the same
introductory sentence, then adds:
.pa - ana - ak. - .he - et.
apa - ana - ako - ohe - ete
apaindu - anaia - akordiozko - ohetoki -
etengabetasun
to make up - religious brother - traditional
- burial chambre - in perpetuity
"fancyful symbols (form) a continuous
epigram,
made up for the religious brother's traditional burial chambre in
perpetuity."
THE ROSETTA STONE
In contrast to the VCV method used to agglutinate names, the
Egyptians' writings on stone, papyrus etc. made use of all words in the
ancient vocabulary, as shown here in a sentence borrowed from the Rosetta
stone. Parkinson in his book "Cracking Codes, the Rosetta Stone and
Decipherment" (p. 54) supplies us with the pronounciation of the
transliteration of the last sentence on the Rosetta Stone. Nyland shows the
corresponding Basque words and his translation underneath
(English 'sh' = Basque 'x'):
Rosetta: her
ahay
neti aat
rudj
em sech
Basque: herrikatu
ahaide
netik
atx
irudipetu
eman
sekretu
English: proclamation - our
people - from this date on - stone - to symbolize - the above
- secret script
Translation: "Proclamation to our people. From this date on the stone will symbolize
the above in the secret script
ni medu
netcher sech
ni
shay
sekhay ni
hau-nebu
? -
eme'edukitsu txera
sekretu ?
- xeheki
asekhai ? hau - uneburu
? - female'powerful -
intelligent - secret script - ? - in great detail
- abundant - ? -
this - important place of the
Goddess in intelligent secret writing in great and abundant detail in this
important place."
This translation differs considerably from the translation shown by Parkinson in his book which reads:
"Upon a stela of hard stone in
hieroglyphic writing, in demotic writing, and in the script of the
Aegians".
THE TITLE "PHARAOH"?
The title "pharaoh", more accurately spelled "faraoh", is no
Egyptian invention because it is appropriate for males only:
.fa - ara - a.o - oh.
afa - ara - aho - oha
afa - aragikeria - ahokatu - ohaide
pleasing - fornication - to engage in -
concubine
"Engaged in pleasing fornication (with a)
concubine".
Otto Muck in
"Cheops et la Grande Pyramide" (1978) p.114, claims that the
Shepherd Philitis brought the title to Egypt from the north, witness
Stonehenge in England. Diop calls this an insipid notion. Pharaoh is an
agglutinated title, likely of Latin origin; neither the Egyptians nor Greeks
pronounced the 'ph' as 'f'.
Nile
.ni - ile
uni - ile
unibertsal -
ilezkor
universal -
immortal
"Universal
and immortal".
Pyramid
.pi - ira - ami - id.
epi - ira - ami - ide
epika - iragartzapen - amildu - ideadura
epic - to prophesy - destruction - ideology
"The epic prophesied the destruction of
our ideology".
That's
why they built for eternity.
Egypt
egi - ip. - .t.
egi - ipu - uto
egin - ipuin - utopia
to create - legend - utopia
"They created the legend of utopia".
Dynasty
.dina - asti
adina - astiz
so many - bright future
"So many bright futures".
FIRST DYNASTY. (c.3100-2890 B.C.)
(The dates of the dynasties are taken from "Who were the
Pharaohs?" by Stephen Quirke, Dover Publications, 1990.). A few of the
following names can hardly be called names because they sound like warnings
to scare off tomb robbers. Likely a case of mistaken identity).
Menes, (probably his funeral
name).
.me - ene - es.
ome - ene - esa
omendu - -enetan - ezarle
to honor - always - founder
"Always honor our founder".
Narmer, (same person as
Menes).
.na - ar. - me - er.
ana - aro - ome - ere
anaitu - -aro - omenezko - erreinu
to unite - all - honorable - kingdom
"I/He united all into an honorable
kingdom".
Hor-aha
.ho - or. - aha
oho - ora - aha
ohoratu - orain - ahalguzti
to praise - always - almighty
"Always praise the Almighty".
Berner-Ib, wife of Hor-aha.
(Note that the name is hyphenated at the
interruption of vowel-interlocking)
.be - er. - .ne - er. ' ib.
abe - ere - ene - ere ' ibi
aberaski - erregina - enetan - erregekiro
' ibili
elegant - queen - always - royally
' to act
"My elegant queen always acts
royally".
Zer
.ze - er.
eze - ere
ezezagun - errege
unknown - king
"Unknown
king".
Meryet-nit
.me - eri - i.e - et. ' .ni - it.
ume - eri - ihe - ete ' uni - itu
ume - eriotze - ihesezin - etenkor
' unibertsal - itundu
child - death - unavoidable - fragile
' general - sadness
"The death of her fragile child was
unavoidable. (There was) general sadness.
Uadji
u.a - ad. - .ji
uha - adi - iji
uhaldu - adi - ijito
to fasten down - watch out - Gypsy
"Fasten (everything) down; watch out for
the Gypsies".
This
must be a warning for the people doing the burial.
Udimu, this name only makes sense if written
Udi ' mu:
udi ' amu
udikan '
amure egon
get out ' to be distrustful
"Get out! I don't trust you."
This
is no name but a warning to scare off tomb robbers.
Hemaka (Udimu's
chancellor).
.he - ema - aka
hegaztiazti - emankizun - akatsbako
diviner/augur - performance - perfect
"Diviner of perfect performance."
Semti, name somehow associated with Udimu.
.se - em. - .ti
ase - ema - ati
asete - eman - atxikidura
period of abundance - to celebrate - unity
"In this time of abundance we celebrate unity".
Enezib
ene - ezi - ib.
-enetan - eziakin - ibiltari
always - illiterate - nomad
"Always an illiterate nomad."
Semerkhet (same person as
Sozer-Teti)
.se - eme - er. - .k. - .he - et.
ese - eme - ere - eki - ihe - ete
ezezagun - emeki - errege - ekile - ihesegin
- etendura
anonymous - peaceful - king - enterprising -
to escape/to be missed - lineage
"Anonymous peaceful and enterprising king
who was missed from the lineage."
Sozer-Teti, alternate name for Semerkhet)
.so - oze - er. ' .te - eti
eso - oze - era ' ate - eti
esonde - ozen - erran ' aterbe -
etika
advice - penetrating voice - to say/speak
' safety - ethics
"He speaks his advice about safety and ethics with a penetrating
voice ."
Zezer'kerasonb,
(his dynasty and place in it is uncertain to
me at this time).
.ze - eze - er. ' .ke - era - azo - on. - .b.
eze - eze - ere ' ake - era - azo - ona - abe
ezezagun - ezegin - errege '
akela - eraspen - -azo - onaldi - aberatstasun
anonimous - to omit - king '
Goddess - devotion - to bring about - prosperity - riches
"Anonymous, omitted king". "His
devotion to the Goddess brought about prosperity and riches".
Hotepsekhe'mui
.ho - ote - ep. - .se - ek. - .he
' emu - u.i
oho - ote - epe -eze - eki - ihe ' mu - uhi
ohoratu - otseinketa - epetu - ezezagun -
ekin - ihesezin ' murgilarazi - uhin
to honor - service - set time limit -
unknown - to persevere - inevitable ' to drown - waves
"We honor his service for the set time period. He persevered
into the unknown and inevitably drowned in the waves."
The
"set time period" for a king who had participated in the
"Sacred Marriage" was usually seven and a half years from May 1
until his death on November 1. He reigned as a semi-god, the bridge between
the people and the deity, and when his time was up, he was sacrificed by drowning
in the waves, possibly in one of the Cataracts. This was also practiced in
Scotland in the Whirlpool
of Corrivreckan, until Christianity arrived. From his name,
we now know that this was also done in early Egypt during the first two
dynasties.
Ra-neb
.Ra ' .ne - eb.
aRa ' ene - ebe
aRatz ' -enetik - ebertaren
Pure? ' from that time on -
patriarchy
"From that time on (there was)
patriarchy".
Neteren, (a funeral name?)
.ne - ete - ere - en.
one - ete - ere - -ena
onegite - etengabeki - errege - -ena
doing good - constantly - king - 'superlative'
"Our 'wonderful' king was constantly
doing good".
Netermu, same person as
Neteren
.ne - ete - er. - .mu
one - ete - era - amu
onegite - etengabeki - eraspen - amultsutasun
doing good - constantly - devotion - tenderness
"Constantly doing good with devotion and
tenderness".
Sekhemib. The name tells us that
this was a queen and not a king as is stated. Archaeologists have long
wondered why she abandoned her allegiance to the god Horus and switched to Set.
Her name tells us why. The name should be spelled:
Sekhem - ib because the
vowel-interlocking is interrupted.
.se - ek. - .he - em. ' ib.
ese - eki - ihe - ema ' ibi
esetsi - ekimendu - ihesari eman -
emarrapaketa ' ibili
to attack - to take the initiative - to escape
- abduction of a woman - to go along
"She was attacked and took the initiative
to escape
by going along with her abductors".
Perabsen, same person as
Sekhem-ib.
.pe - era ab. - .se - en.
pe - era - aba - ase - ena
petralkeria - erasan - abade - aserrekor -
-ena
villainy - to attack - priest - infuriating -
'superlative'
"The villainy of the priests' attack was
'extremely' infuriating."
Sendji
.se - en. - .di - .ji
ase - ena - adi - iji
azeri - -ena - adi - ijito
shrewd - 'superlative' - watch out - Gypsy
"Gypsies are 'extremely' shrewd, watch
out".
This
is no name. It is another warning for the workers building the tomb.
Neterka
.ne - ete - er. - .ka
one - ete - era - aka
onegite - etengabeki - eraspen - akatsbako
doing good - constantly - devotion - perfect
"Constantly doing good with perfect
devotion".
Neferkara
.ne - ebe - er. - .ka - ara
ane - ebe - era - aka - ara
añendu - eberu - erratu - akargarritu -
arakintzatu
to curse - Hebrews - to wander - to infuriate
- to massacre
"The cursed wandering Hebrews infuriated
and massacred".
Kha - sekhe'mui
.k. - .ha ' .se - ek. - .he
' mu - u.i
ako - oho ' ase - eki - ihe ' mu - uhi
akorduan euki - oharti ' asezin -
ekin - ihesezin ' murgilarazi - uhin
to remember - thoughtful ' craving
- to persevere - inevitable ' to drown - wave
"Remember his thoughtful craving to
persevere in
the inevitable and be drowned in the waves."
Another
courageous Tammuz went honorably to his sacrificial death.
Djoser, builder of the
step pyramid.
.d. - .jo - ose - er.
ida - ajo - ose - era
idazlan - ajola - ozen - erran
writing - interest - penetrating voice - to
say/to speak
"He speakes his interest in writing in a
penetrating voice".
Imhotep, architect,
physician, and everything else of Djoser.
Vowel-interlocking is interrupted; the name
should be spelled:
Im-Hotep.
im. ' .ho - ote - ep.
ima ' oho - ote - epa
imajina ' ohoratu - otseinketa - epaile
statue ' to honor - service - judge
"This statue honors his service as a
judge".
Khaba, (of the Layer Pyramid)
.k. - .ha - aba
aka - aha - aba
akabu - ahalguzti - abade
high/superior - almighty - priest
"High priest of the Almighty".
Seneferu
.se - ene - ebe - eru
ese - ene - ebe - eru
esetsi - -enetan - eberu - errukigabe
to attack - every time - Hebrews - cruel
"Every time he attacked the cruel
Hebrews.
Djedefre,
.d. - .je - ede - eb. - .re
ada - aje - ede - ebe - ere
-ada - ajene - ederrakhartu - eberu - eremu
noise of the action - lament - to be defeated
- Hebrews - desert
"The Hebrews lamented loudly when they
were defeated in the desert".
It appears that the Hebrews were unsuccessful
in their long persisting efforts
to conquer Egypt and then turned to Canaan.
Nebka
.ne - eb. - .ka
one - ebe - eka
onera hartu - ebertarren - ekarri
to accept - patriarchy - to bring
"Accept the patriarchy I bring".
THE KHU'FU FAMILY
Snofru, father of Khu'fu
builder of the Bent Pyramid
.s. - .no - ob. - .ru
aso - ono - obi - iru
-azo - onon - obi - irudi
to bring about/create - wonderful - tomb -
symbol
"He created his wonderful tomb as a
symbol."
Hetepheres, mother of Khu'fu.
.he - ete - ep. - .he - ere - es.
ihe - ete - epo - ohe - ere - esa
ihezin - etenkor - epotu - ohealdi - erregina
- esaeratsu
inevitable/fated - fragile - to loose weight -
time spent in bed - queen - wise
"Fated to be fragile and losing weight,
our wise queen spent her time in bed."
Cheops. This is the Latin
spelling because neither Egyptian nor Greek possesses the 'c'. The name
should be spelled: Keops, the 'h' had to be
added when the 'k' was changed to 'c' otherwise the name would have been
pronounced Seops. Therefore, the 'h' was added much later and does not belong
in the name translation.
Keops
.ke - e.o - op. - .s.
ake - eho - opa - asa
akela - ehortzetak - opakuntza - asaba
Goddess - funeral - offering - ancestor
"The Goddess' funeral offering to the
ancestors".
This translation tells
us that Keops cannot have been the name of the pharaoh but instead must have
been the name of the Great Pyramid itself. The most impressive stone building,
ever constructed, was not built as the tomb for just one king, but instead
for all the people. The mighty sarcophagus always stands open and was
intended to be available for all the beloved departed of the world. Strabo in
his "Geographica" tells about a stone in the side of the pyramid
that may be taken out. Petrie interpreted this statement to mean that there
was a flap-door composed of a single slab of stone (Edwards). It could have
been there to allow access to the sarcophagus for the funerals of the people.
This explains why the great pyramid has no decorations to show scenes of the
dead pharaoh's life. The huge sarcophagus was never intended for the pharaoh
alone, although it is possible that he was the first one to use it. His real
grave may yet be found, hidden deep under the pyramid, where his personal
life would have been depicted on the walls. If this is indeed the case,
the grave will likely be found intact. Herodotus tells
about subterranean chambers where vaults were constructed on an island,
surrounded by water brought from the Nile by tunnel. On this island, he was
told, the body of Khufu lies. Nothing of that description has ever been
found. It is interesting that a Japanese expedition has recently found
evidence of just such underground caverns while sounding the underlying rock
with sophisticated equipment.
The name "Akela'', meaning Goddess, is still used in many
Indo-European languages but now means 'witch', a meaning-change enforced by
the Christian and Judaic clergy. As male domination throughout the following
millennia has made every effort to eliminate the memory of the Great Goddess,
this is likely the reason why the spelling of the name Keops was changed to
Cheops, to hide the '.ke' of 'ake'.
Khufu. This must be the real name of the "great pharaoh" Keops
because Khufu'khaf was the name of his son who died in infancy. The final
letters 'ufu' are untranslatable therefore, an interruption of the vowel
interlocking must be assumed. The 'f' is interchangeable with 'b':
Khu'fu
.k. - .hu ' fu,
aka - ahu ' bu
akabu - ahurrelaritza ' bukatu
perfect - leadership ' to bring to a
finish
"Perfect leadership brought (the pyramid)
to a finish."
Rekha'ef, alternate name for
Khu'fu.
.re - ek. - .ha ' ef.
ere - eki - iha ' eba
errege - ekinaldi - ihaiotasun '
ebatzizko
king - perseverance - expertise '
decisive
"The king's perseverance and expertise
were decisive."
Hardjedef, son of Khu'fu
.ha - ar. - .d. - .je - ede - ef.
oha - ari - ida - aje - ede - ebe
oharrezko - arrisku - idatzi - ajeru -
edendun - ebertar
to warn - danger - to write about - suspicion
- poisonous - patriarchy
"He warned about the danger and wrote
about his suspicions of the poisonous Hebrews."
Redjedef, son of Khu'fu
.re - ed. - .je - ede - eb.
are - eda - aje - ede - ebe
arrenkuratu - edangabetu - ajenatu - ederrak eman - eberu
to become impatient - to deprive of water - to
drive away - to defeat - Hebrews
"He was impatient to deprive the Hebrews of
water, then to defeat and drive them away."
Khufu'khaf, infant son of Khu'fu
Khufu ' .k. - .ha - ab.
Khufu ' ki - iha - aba
Khufu ' kirikaldi - ihar -
-aba
Khufu ' period of vigilance - to waste away - family
relation/heir
"(During) Khufu's period of vigilance his
heir wasted away."
Khnumbraf, infant son of
Khu'fu.
.k. - .h. - .nu - um. - .b. - .ra - af.
ako - ohi - inu - uma - abo - ora - afa
akorduan euki - ohihaldu - inudetu - uma -
abots - orain - afa
to remember - wrapped in diapers - to nurse -
child - voice - always - happy
"Remember the nursing child in diapers,
whose voice was always happy."
Hetephras, daughter of
Khu'fu.
.he - ete - ep. - .h. - .ra - as.
ohe - ete - epe - ehi - ira - asu
ohekoi - etenkor - epel - ehihargarri -
iragan - azurruts
tends to sleep a lot - fragile - weak -
wilting - to suffer - very skinny person
"She tends to sleep a lot, is fragile,
weak and wilting, and very skinny".
Meresankh (daughter of
Khu'fu, wife of Khephren), obviously a funeral name.
.me - ere - esa - an. - .k. - .h.
ome - ere - esa - ana - aka - ahi
omendatu - erregina - esaeratsu - anaitu -
akabu - ahienekatu
to honor - queen - wise - to gather - death -
to lament
"To honor the wise queen we gather for a
death lament".
Kawaat, eldest son of Khu'fu.
.kawa - a.a - at.
akawa - aha - ate
akabatu - ahalguzti - aterpe
to end a life - almighty - refuge
"His life ended in the refuge of the
Almighty".
Menkhaf, (son of Khu'fu)
.me - en. - .k. - .ha - af.
ume - ena - ako - oha - afa
ume - -ena - akorduan euki - oharkabetasun -
afa
child - 'superlative' - to remember - innocent
- full of joy
"Remember this 'wonderful' child, so
innocent and full of joy".
Kephren (Khaef - Re)
.ke - ep. - .h. - .re - en.
ake - epa ' he - ere - ena
akela - epaitu - herentzia - errege - -ena
Goddess - to decide - inheritance - king -
'superlative'
"The Goddess decided the great king's
inheritance".
Khaef - Re, same person as
Kephren.
.ka - .ha - a.e - eb. ' .re
ake - eha - ahe - eba ' ere
akela - ahalguzti - aherentzia - ebatzi
' errege
Goddess - unlimited power - inheritance - to
decide ' king
"With her unlimited power the Goddess
decided the inheritance of the king."
Mycerinus (Men-kau-Re)
.mi - ike - eri - inu - us.
umi - ike - eri - inu - uso
umilki - ikertu - eri - inurritze - uso
humbly - to examine - sickness - inspiring -
holy man/dove
"(The doctor) humbly examined the illness
of the inspiring holy man."
Men - kau - Re, same person as
Mycerinus.
.me - en. ' kau ' .re
ome - ene ' kau ' are
omendatu - enetan ' kauta
' arrerosle
to honor - always '
obligation ' Redeemer
"Always honor your obligations to the
Redeemer."
Khamerernebti, queen of Mycerinus
.k. - .ha - ame - ere - er. - .ne - eb. - .ti
aka - aha - ame - ere - era - añe - ebe - eti
akargarri - aharrari - ameskaitz - errege -
erasan - añendu - eberu - etikagabe
infuriated - troublemaker - nightmare - king -
to attack - to curse - Hebrew tribe - unethical
"Infuriated with the nightmare caused by
the troublemakers,
the king attacked and cursed the unethical Hebrew tribe."
Khentkaues, mother of Userkaf
.k. - .he - en. - .t. ' kau
' es.
aki - ihe - ene - ete - eka ' kau ' es.
akitu - ihesezin - enetan - etenkor -
ekarri ' kauta ' esaeratsu
to be tired - fated - always - fragile - to
bring ' responsibility ' wisdom
"She was fated to always be tired and
fragile, but
she brought responsibility and wisdom."
Userkaf
us. - er. - .ka - ab.
uste - ere - eka - abo
uste oso - errege - ekarpen - aboskatu
complete faith - king - contribution - to
proclaim
"The contributions of the king with his
complete faith were proclaimed."
Sahure
.sa - ahu - ure
asa - ahu - ure
asaba - ahutoizendatu - urentasun
ancestor - to appoint oneself - nobility
"Ancestor who appointed himself to
nobility".
Unas
una - as.
una - asa
unai - asaba
cowherd - ancestor
"His ancestors were cowherds".
Neferefre
.ne - ebe - ere - eb. - .re
ane - ebe - ere - eba - are
añendu - ebertar - eremutu - ebatsi -
arestian
to curse - Hebrew - to depopulate - to
plunder - a short time ago
"The cursed Hebrews depopulated and
plundered a short time ago".
Nuserre
.nuse - erre
inuze - errege
mentally defective - king
"Mentally defective king".
Another
name made up by a historian, possibly Manetho.
Neferirkere
.ne - efe - eri - ir. - .ke - ere
ene - ebe - eri - ira - ake - ere
enerako - ebertaren - erioaldi - irakitu -
akela - errespedatu
before - patriarchy - agony - to fire with
compassion - Goddess - to respect
"Before the agony of patriarchy our
passionate Goddess was respected".
Djedkare Izezi
.d. - .je - ed. - .ka -
are ize - ezi
ida - aje - ede - eka -
are ize - ezi
idatzi - ajenatu - edesti - ekarpen -
aren izen - ezinirakurrizko
to document - to disappear - history -
contribution - his name - illegible
"Documented (because) his contribution to
history may disappear. Name illegible".
This is probably Manetho's comment.
Menhauhor
.me - en. - .ha - au - uho - or.
ame - ena - aha - au - uho - ora
ameskaitz - -ena - ahazte - aundi - uholde -
orraztu
nightmare - 'superlative' - action of trying
to forget - enormous - flood - to despoil
"He tried to forget the 'terrible'
nightmare of the enormous flood which despoiled (the country)".
Shepseskaf, last pharaoh of the Dynasty.
.s. - .he - ep. - .se - es. - .ka - ab.
uso - ohe - epe - eze - ezu - uka - abi
uso - ohealditu - epel - ezeuskor - ezurruts
- ukan - abiatu
dove/holy man - to spend time in bed - weak -
fragile - very skinny - to have - to depart
"Our holy man, who spent his time in bed,
weak, fragile and very skinny, has departed."
Teti
.te - eti
ete - eti
etengabe - etikoa
constantly - ethical
"Always ethical".
Pepi
.pe - epi
pentsaketu - epika
to reflect on - epic
"He reflected on the epic (of
utopia?)."
Ibi
ibi from ibiltari (nomad)
"Nomad".
Merenre
.me - ere - en. - .re
ome - ere - ene - ere
omendatu - errege - enetan - erregetza
to honor - king - always - royal power
"Always honor the king's royal
power."
Wadjkara Demedjibtawy
u.a - ad. - .j. - .ka - ara
uha - ada - aje - eka - ara
uhalde - adaskadura - ajene - ekarri -
arrailagarri
flood/cataract - being swallowed - lament - to
cause - heartbreaking
"Being swallowed up by the cataract
caused lament and heartbreak."
Another voluntary sacrifice was drowned in the
Cataract.
.de - eme - edi - ib. - .ta - au - u.i
ade - eme - edi - iba - ata - au - uhi
adelatu - emekiro - ediren - ibar - atano -
aukeramen - uhin
to prepare - venerably - to find - river -
evergreen forest/hereafter - free will - wave
"Venerably he prepared to find the
hereafter in the waves of the river on his own free will."
Obviously,
the sacrifice of a king was still practiced at this time.
Qakara Iby
.ka - aka - ara / ibi
ika - aka - ara / ibi
ikaserazi - akatsbako - aratz /
ibili
to teach - perfect - pure / to be
"His teachings are pure and
perfect."
Min
in
pain
"In pain."
Kheti
.k. - .he - eti
oki - ihe - eti
okitu - ihesleku - etikoa
completely - safe place to live - ethical
"A completely safe and ethical place to
live".
Ankhtify
an. - .k. - .h. - .ti - .bi
ana - ako - ohi - iti - ibi
anaiarte - akorduan euki - ohinaze - itxiki -
ibildari
gathering/everybody - to remember - suffering
- faithfulness - nomad
"Everybody will remember the suffering
and the faithfulness of the nomad."
Neferirkare
.ne - ebe - eri - ir. - .ka - are
añe - ebe - eri - ire - eka - are
añendu - ebertar - eriotza - irentsi - ekarri
- arrenguratsu
to curse - Hebrews - death - to destroy - to
bring - lamenting
"The cursed Hebrews brought death and
destruction and lamenting".
Nebtawyrat Mentuhotep
.ne - eb. - .ta - au - u.i - ira - at.
ine - eba - ata - au - uhi - ira - ate
inertzia - ebatzi - atano - aukeramen - uhin
- iraun - ateri
passive - to decide - evergreen oak forest/hereafter
- free will - wave - to endure - calm
"He passively decided to endure the waves
calmly on his own free will (to enter) the hereafter."
.me - en. - .tu - uho - ote - ep.
ame - eni - itu - uho - ote - epa
ameskaitz - eni - itxuragabe - uhol - ote -
epai
nightmare - to me - senseless - flood/cataract
- perhaps - judgment
"To me the senseless nightmare in the
Cataract is perhaps a judgment."
Amenemhet
ame - ene - em. - .he - et.
ame - ene - emo - ohe - etsi
amesgaitz - enetan - emon - ohe - etsitu
nightmare - always - to produce - bed - to
despair
"His nightmares always produced despair
in bed."
Sebekneferu, (Queen)
.se - ebe - ekne - ebe - eru
ese - ebe - ekine - ebe - eru
esetsi - eberu - ekinez - ebertaren -
errukigabekeria
to attack - Hebrews - persistently -
patriarchal - cruelty
"She attacked the Hebrews persistently
for their patriarchal cruelty".
Sesostris, (Amenemhet's successor)
.se - eso - os. .t. - .ri - is.
ase - eso - osa - ate - eri - isu
asetu - esonde - osalari - atera - erioaldi -
izugarri
to crave - advice - doctor - to get - agony -
terrible
"He craved to get advice from the doctor
for his terrible agony".
Amenemes
am. - .me - ene - eme - es.
ama - ame - ene - eme - eza
ama - ametsetsi - -enetan - emekiro -
ezagutze
Goddess - to idealize - always - peaceful -
all knowing
Always idealize (our) Goddess; she is peaceful
and all-knowing".
Khendjer. This is a funeral name.
.k. - .he - en. - .d. - .je - er.
aka - ehe - -ena - -ada - aje - ere
akabu - ehe - -ena - -ada - ajene - errege
death - call attention - 'superlative' - sound
of the action - lament - king
"They called attention to the king's
death with 'loud' sound of lament".
FOURTEENTH DYNASTY (c.1700-1674 B.C.)
FIFTEENTH DYNASTY (c.1674-1567 B.C.)
SIXTEENTH DYNASTY (c.1674-1567 B.C.)
SEVENTEENTH DYNASTY (c.1674-1567 B.C.)
Apopis
apo - opi - is.
apo - opi - izu
apokeria - opio - izurreztatu
morally corrupt - opium - to be addicted to
"It is morally corrupting to be addicted
to opium."
Kamose, either he or
Seknerre drove out the Hyksos
and became the last pharaoh of the dynasty.
.ka - amo - ose
eka - amo - ose
ekandu - amorratu - osen
to be used to - to rage - penetrating voice
"He used to rage with a penetrating
voice".
Seknerre, relative of Kamose
.se - ek. - .ne - erre
ase - eko - one - erre
asete - ekoizpen - onesan - errege
period of abundance - production - to praise -
king
"Praise the king for a period of abundant
production"
Ahmosis
ah. - .mo - osi - is.
aha - amo - osi - ize
ahalguzti - amodio - osin - izenandiko
Almighty - love - very deep - celebrated
"The Almighty's very deep love is celebrated."
Amenhotep
ame - en. - .ho - ote - ep.
ame - ena - aho - ote - epo
amesgaitz - -ena - ahomoteldu - ote - epotu
nightmare - that - to stutter - perhaps - to
grow a little
"It is a nightmare that he stutters and
perhaps he will grow a little."
Nibmuaria
(praenomen of Amenhotep III; Parkinson p.54)
.ni - ib. - .mu - u.a - ari - i.a
ani - iba - amu - uha - ari - iha
aniztu - ibai - amure egon - uhalde - arritu
- ihabali
to increase/to rise - river - be suspicious -
flood - to surprise - frightened
"Be suspicious of the rising river; a
surprise flood is frightening."
Tuthmosis
.tu - ut. - .h. - .mo - osi - is.
atu - uto - oha - amo - osi - isa
atutxa - utopia - ohartasun - amodio -
osintsu - izan
evergreen forest - utopia - thoughtfulness -
love - very deep - to exist/live on
"In the evergreen forest of utopia his
thoughtfulness and very deep love will live on."
Menkheperre, same person as
Tuthmosis
.me - en. - .k. - .he - epe - erre
ame - ena - ako - ohe - epe - erre
amesgaitz - ena - akorduan euki - ohealdi -
epegabeko - errege
nightmare - 'superlative' - to remember - time
spent in bed - continuous - king
"We remember his 'dreadful' nightmares
and the continuous time spent in bed by the king."
Hatshepsut
.ha - at. - .s. - .he - ep. - .su - ut.
aha - ata - ase - ehe - epi - isu - uto
ahalguzti - atano - asegaitz - ehe - epika -
isurialdi - utopia
Almighty - evergreen forest - craving - call
attention - epic - inspiration - utopia
"Craving for the evergreen forest of the
Almighty she called attention
to the inspiration (offered) in the epic of utopia."
It was very likely during the reign of Amenophis III that the
enormous There a volcano erupted (c 1420 bce.), bringing the Cretan civilization
to its knees and wreaking untold grief on Egypt and most other countries
around the eastern Mediterranean with tidal waves and volcanic ash fall. (See
Diop, p.79-83).
Amenophis
ame - eno - op. - .hi - is.
ame - eno - opo - ohi - isu
amesgaitz - enoradun - oposagaitz - ohil -
isurduhin
nightmare - afflicted - unopposable- savage -
tidal wave
"Afflicted by the nightmare of a savage
unopposable tidal wave".
Akenaten
ake - ena - ate - en.
akela - -ena - aterpe - ene
Goddess - superlative/great - refuge - my
"The Great Goddess, my refuge".
Nefertiti
.ne - efe - er. - .ti - iti
ane - ebe - era - ati - iti
añendu - ebertaren - eraberritu - atikitasun
- itiki/idiki
to curse - patriarchy - to reform -
faithfulness - to discover
"Reform the cursed patriarchy and
discover faithfulness".
Tutankhaten
.tu - uta - an. - .k. - .ha - ate - en.
itu - uta - ana - ake - eha - ate - ene
itxuragabe - utsa - anaiarte - akela - eha -
aterpe - ene
senseless - to dispossess - priesthood -
Goddess - 'emphasis' - refuge - my
"It is senseless to dispossess the
priesthood of the 'Great' Goddess, my refuge."
Ankhesenamen, queen of Tutankhaten
an. - .k. - .he - ese - ena - ame - en.
ana - aki - ihe - ese - ena - ame - ena
anai - akigarri - ihesezin - esetsi - ena - amesgaitz
- ena
religious brother/priest - exhausted - to
escape - to attack - 'superlative' - nightmare - 'superlative'
"The exhausted priest escaped from the
'vicious' attack like from and 'awful' nightmare."
Keftiu,
This was the name used for the island of
Crete, but only during the 18th Dynasty.
.ke - eb. - .ti - i.u
ake - eba - ati - ihu
akela - ebakin - atxikilotu - ihuodei
Goddess - harvested grain - to arrest/hold
back - thunderclouds
"The Goddess of the harvest holds back
the thunderclouds."
Horemheb
.ho - ore - em. - .he - eb.
oho - ore - eme - ehe - eba
ohoratu - orrek - emekiro - ehe - ebakin
to praise - that - peacefulness - pay
attention - harvest
"Praise the peacefulness that we have (so
we can) pay attention to the harvest."
Ramesses
.ra - ame - es. - .se - es.
ura - ame - ese - ese - esi
urabazter - amesgaitz - esetsi - ezereztu -
ezigabe
bank of the river -nightmare - to attack - to
annihilate - savage
"(During) the nightmare on the banks of the
river we attacked and annihilated the savages."
This huge battle took
place c. 1180 B.C., during Ramesses III's reign (See Sandars for description on his
temple at Medinet Habu). There were earlier attacks by the Sea Peoples during the reign of Ramesses I and II
also, but probably none after that.
Merneptah
.me - er. - .ne - ep. - .ta - ah.
ame - eri - ine - epe - eta - ahi
amesgaitz - eri - inertzia - epel - eta - ahi
nightmare - sickness - debility - to weaken -
and - cause sorrow
"Having nightmares is a debilitating
illness which weakens and causes sorrow."
Siptah
.si - ip. - .ta - ah.
si - ipi - ita - aha
sinestu - ipini - itxaro - ahalguzti
to believe - to place - trust - Almighty
"To believe is to place your trust in the
Almighty."
Meryptah (Parkinson p.83)
.me - eri - ip. - .ta - ah.
ame - eri - ipi - ita - aha
amesgaitz - eri - ipini - itxaro
nightmare - agony - to place - trust -
almighty
"During the agony of a nightmare, place
your trust in the Almighty."
Setnakht
.se - et. - .na - ak. - .h. - .t.
ase - eta - ana - aka - aha - ate
asetu - -eta - anaitu - akatsgabeko -
ahalguzti - aterbe
to crave, pray - expresses an abundance - to
gather - perfect - almighty - protection
"We pray that the abundant harvest is
gathered under the protection of the Almighty."
Nesubenebded
.ne - esu - ube - ene - eb. - .de - ed.
añe - esu - ube - ene - ebe - ede - eda
añendu - ezurruts - ubeldu - -enerako -
ebertar - ederrak hartu - edagale
to curse - very skinny - to bruise - as
before - Hebrews - to be defeated - thirst
"As before, the cursed skinny and bruised
Hebrews were defeated by thirst."
Herihor
.he - eri - iho - or.
ihe - eri - iho - ora
ihesleku - eriotzaldi - ihortziri - orain
to seek shelter - agony - thunder - always
"He always sought shelter from the agony
of the thunder."
Psusennes
.p. - .su - use
- en. - .ne - es.
ape - ezu - use - eno - one - ezo
apez - ezustez - usei - enoradun - onetsi -
ezongialdi
priest - unexpectedly - to sneeze - afflicted
- to bless - indisposition
"The priest unexpectedly was afflicted by
sneezing (so we) blessed his indisposition."
Amenemope
ame - ene - emo - ope
amegaitz - enetan - emonkor - operatu
nightmare - always - generous/prolific - to
perform surgery
"Surgery was performed on his always prolific
nightmares."
Pinudjem
.pi - inu - ud. - .je - em.
pi - inu - uda - aje - eme
pizkanaka - inular - uda - aienatu - emeriko
slowly - sunset - summer - to slip away -
peacefully
"Slowly the summer sunset slips away
peacefully."
Siamon
.si - i.a - amo - on.
isi - iha - amo - one
isilki- ihardun - amodio - onesan
quietly - to take time - love - to praise
"Quietly take time to love and
praise."
Osorkon
oso - or. - .ko - on.
oso - ora - ako - ona
oso - orain - akordiozko - onarketa
sincere - always - traditional - welcome
"Always give a sincere traditional
welcome."
Alara
ala - ara
alaitasun -
aratz
joy - pure
"Pure
joy".
Kashta
.ka - as. - h. - .ta
uka - ase - eha - ata
ukan - asegaitz - eha - atano
to have - craving - 'emphasis' - evergreen
forest/hereafter
"I have a craving for a 'wonderful'
hereafter."
Shepenwepe (Queen)
No translation found yet. The 'w', does not occur in the
Saharan language, but in Egyptian it often represents the
'u'..
Amonirdis
amo - oni - ir. - .di - is.
amo - oni - ira - adi - iza
amodio - oniraun - iradoki - adiskidego -
izaera
love - goodness - to elicit/inspire -
friendship - character
"Love and goodness inspire friendship and
character."
Shoshenk. We have two
spellings, both tell about the same story. But what really happened? Compare
Psalm 106:9 ... "the Red Sea became dry and he led
them through...” and Psalm 106:11 ...
"and the waters covered their adversaries...". The
translation of the pharaoh's
name sounds also like a tsunami or tidal wave. However, where would it have
come from?
Shoshenk
.s. - .ho - os. - .he - en. - .k.
isu - uho - osi - ihe - ena - aka
isurialdi - uholatu - osin - ihesezin - ena-
akabu
overflowing/cascading - flood wave - very deep
- unavoidable - 'superlative' - death
"The overflowing flood was very deep and
unavoidable (and caused) dreadful death". or:
Sheshonk. Second spelling. Not as neat a translation as the first one
because of the VCCV (onda).
.s. - .he - es. - .ho - on. - .ka
isi - ihe - esu - uho - onda - aka
isilpetu - ihes egin - ezustez - uholatu -
ondartu - akastun
to hide - to escape - unexpected - tidal wave
- to come ashore - defective/impossible
"To hide or escape was impossible, when
the unexpected
tidal wave came ashore".
Piankhi
.pi - i.a - an. - .k. - .hi
opi - iha - añe - eka - ahi
opiozale - ihardun - añendu - ekandu - ahi
being fond of opium - spend time - to curse -
habit - strong desire/addiction
"Being fond of opium to spend the time is
a cursed habit (leading to) addiction."
Shabaka
.sa - .aha - aba - aka
esa - aha - aba - aka
esaeratsu - ahalguzti - abade - akabu
wise - almighty - priest - high
"Wise high priest of the Almighty."
Tefnakhte
.te - eb. - .na - ak. - .h. - .te
ite - eba - ana - aka - aha - ate
itegun - ebakin - anaitu - akatsgabeko -
ahalguzti - aterbe
work performed - harvested grain - to gather -
perfect - Almighty - protection
"Harvesting of the grain is work
performed under the protection of the perfect Almighty."
Piakhi
.pi - i.a - ak. - .hi
opi - iha - aka - ahi
opiozale - iharduki - akabatu - ahi
fond of opium - to spend the time - to
finish/end - strong desire
"Being fond of opium to spend the time
will end in addiction"
Bokkhorus
.bo - ok. - .k. - .ho - or. - us.
abo - oki - ika - aho - oru - usu
aboskatu - okilaso - ikasbide - ahozpetu -
orube - usu
to proclaim - great grandfather -
catechism/doctrine - kneeling down - place - usual
"Great grandfather proclaimed the
catechism while kneeling down in his usual place."
Sheb'iku
xe - eb ' iku
xeratsu - ebazle ' ikusgarrizko
kind - judge ' admirable
"Kind and admirable judge"
Taharka
.ta - aha - ar. - .ka
ita - aha - ara - aka
itxaro - ahalguzti - aratz - akatsbako
to trust - almighty/deity - pure - perfect
"Trust the Almighty, pure and perfect."
Psamtik
.p. - .sa - am. - .ti - ik.
ape - esa - ama - ati - ika
apez - esaeratsu - amaigabeko - atxikitasun -
ikasbide
priest - wise - endlessly - faithfulness - to
teach
"The wise priest endlessly taught
faithfulness."
Nitocris
.ni - ito - ok. - .ri - is.
ani - ito - oke - eri - iso
anitz - itoarazi - okerkeria - erioaldi -
isola
many - to drown - injury - agony - torrential
rain
"Many were drowned or injured during the
agony of the torrential rains."
Necho (son of Psamtik)
.ne - exo
nekebide - exorzizatu
cause of suffering - to eliminate
"Eliminate the causes of suffering."
Harmachis
High priestess who crowned Ptolemy V (Parkinson p.31).
.ha - ar. - .ma - ak. - is.
aha - ara - ama - aki - isi
ahaldun - aratusteldu - ama - akigabeki -
isiljokatu
powerful - to corrupt - priestess - tirelessly
- to scheme
"Powerful (but) corrupt priestess,
tirelessly scheming."
Anemhor
Mother of Harmachis (Parkinson p.31).
ane - em. - .ho - or.
ane - ema - aho - ora
añendu - ematxar - ahozuritu - orain
to curse - prostitute - cheating - always
"Cursed prostitute who is always
cheating."
Mesutira (Egyptian name for
Cambyses)
.me - esu - uti - ira
ame - esu - uti - ira
ametsegile - ezurruts - utikan - iragan
dreamer - very skinny - to go away - to
go away - to suffer
"You skinny dreamer, go away and
suffer."
Cambyses
.ka - am. - .bi - ise - es.
aka - ami - ibi - ize - esa
akatsbako - aministratu - ibili - izenandiko
- esaeratsu
perfect - administrator - to be - famous -
wise
"Our perfect administrator is famous and
wise."
Amyrtaeus
ami - ir. - .ta - e.u - us.
ami - iri - ita - ehu - usa
aministrari - irrikagarri - itxaro - eutsi -
usario
administrator - ambitious - to be faithful -
to maintain - tradition
"Our ambitious administrator was faithful
and maintained the traditions."
Amenirdis
ame - eni - ir. - di - is.
ame - eni - ira - adi - isa
ameskaitz - eni - iragarpen - adi - izuarazle
nightmare - to me - warning - watch out -
terrorist
"To me that nightmare was a warning to
watch out for terrorists."
Maatibrat Hakor
.ma - a.a - ati - ib. - .ra - at.
ama - aha - ati - ibi - ira - ati
ama - ahalguzti - atxigarri - ibili - irakitu
- atxiki
priestess - almighty - to be - faithful -
fired with passion - loyal
(Our) priestess of the Almighty is faithful,
fired with passion and loyal."
.ha - ako - or.
aha - ako - ora
ahalguzti - akorduan euki - orain
Almighty - to remember - always
"Always remember the Almighty."
Nectanebo
.ne - ek. - .ta - ane - ebo
ene - eki - ita - ane - ebo
enetan - ekineztu - itxaro - añendu -
eboluzio
always - to persevere - to keep faith - cursed
- development
"Always persevere and keep faith (during
these) cursed developments."
Djedhor
.d. - .je - ed. - .ho - or.
-ada - aje - edu - uho - ora
-ada - aienatu - edukitsu - uhol - orraztu
action of being swallowed - to be frightened
away - powerful - flood - to despoil
"We were being swallowed and frightened
away by a powerful and devastating flood."
Darius
.da - ari - us.
ada - ari - usa
adarra sartu - arimagalduko - usantza
to deceive - ruthless - habit/character
"A deceiving and ruthless
character."
Khababash
.k.
- .ha - aba - aba - ax.
aka - aha - aba - aba - axo
akabu - ahalguzti - abade - abailtuta -
axolazko
superior/high - almighty - priest - weary - grave
"The high priest of the Almighty was
weary and grave."
Meryamunt - Setepenrat
(Alexander the Great)
.me - eri - i.a - amu - un. - .t.
ame - eri - iha - amu - uni - ito
amesgaitz - eriotzordu - ihar - amure egon -
unibertsal - itobehar
nightmare - agony - weakness - distrust -
general - anxiety
"The agony of nightmares weakened him
(and caused) general distrust and anxiety."
.se - ete - epe - en. - .ra - at.
ese - ete - epe - ene - era - ata
esetsaldi - etengabeko - epe - -enetan -
erakarri - atalbanaketa
battle - continuous - period of time - always
- to cause - discent
"Continuous battles over a long period
always cause dissent."
Haaibra - Setepenamun
(Philip Arideus)
.ha - a.a - a.i - ib. - .ra
iha - aha - ai - ibe - era
iha - ahalguzti - aiherkuntza - ibeni -
erasoketa
almost - unlimited power - hatred - to
introduce - aggression
"Almost unlimited power introduces hatred
and aggression."
.se - ete - epe - ena - amu - un.
ese - ete - epe - ena - amu - uni
esetsaldi - etengabeko - epe - ena - amure
egon - unibertsal
battle - continuous - period of time -
'superlative' - distrust - general
"Continuous battles over a long period
(caused) serious and general distrust."
THE PTOLEMIES (305-30 B.C.)
Cleopatra
.k. - .le - e.o - opa - at. - .ra
uki - ile - eho - opa - ata - ara
ukitu - iletari - ehorzleku - opa izan -
atano - arraitasun
to touch - mourners - funeral - to desire for
- hereafter - happiness
"The mourners at her funeral were touched by her desire for
happiness in the hereafter."
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